May 20, 2024
The Polish School of Posters refers to a highly influential artistic movement that emerged in Poland after World War II, primarily from the 1950s through the 1980s, characterized by its unique graphic design style, particularly in the realm of poster art.
Despite the restrictions of the communist regime, Polish poster artists enjoyed a surprising degree of creative liberty compared to other art forms. They often used surreal, abstract, and metaphorical illustrations to convey complex ideas and emotions, and many posters served as subtle critiques of the political and social realities of the time. Posters featured vivid colors, strong contrasts, and simplified forms to create eye-catching, impactful designs. Distinctive, expressive lettering was hand-drawn and integrated into the overall composition.
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May 14, 2024
A party line (multiparty line, shared service line, party wire) is a local loop telephone circuit that is shared by multiple telephone service subscribers. Party line systems were widely used to provide telephone service, starting with the first commercial switchboards in 1878.
Party lines provided no privacy in communication. They were frequently used as a source of entertainment and gossip, as well as a means of quickly alerting entire neighborhoods of emergencies such as fires, becoming a cultural fixture of rural areas for many decades. Objections about one party monopolizing a multi-party line were a staple of complaints to telephone companies and letters to advice columnists for years and eavesdropping on calls remained an ongoing concern.
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May 2, 2024
The B-theory of time, also called the ‘tenseless theory of time,’ is one of two positions regarding the temporal ordering of events in the philosophy of time. B-theorists argue that the flow of time is only a subjective illusion of human consciousness, that the past, present, and future are equally real, and that time is tenseless: temporal becoming is not an objective feature of reality. Therefore, there is nothing privileged about the present, ontologically speaking.
The B-theory is derived from a distinction drawn by English idealist metaphysician J. M. E. McTaggart between A series and B series. The B-theory is often drawn upon in theoretical physics, and is seen in theories such as eternalism (the view that all existence in time is equally real, as opposed to presentism or the growing block universe theory of time, in which at least the future is not the same as any other time).
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