December 14, 2010
Kangaroo care is a technique shown to increase survivability rates in newborns wherein the infant is held, skin-to-skin, with an adult. Kangaroo care for pre-term infants may be restricted to a few hours per day, but if they are medically stable that time may be extended. Some parents may keep their babies in-arms for many hours per day. Kangaroo care, named for the similarity to how certain marsupials carry their young, was initially developed to care for preterm infants in areas where incubators are either unavailable or unreliable.
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December 14, 2010
Taxonomy [tak-son-uh-mee] is the practice and science of classification. The word finds its roots in the Greek ‘taxis’ (meaning ‘order’ or ‘arrangement’) and ‘nomos’ (meaning ‘law’ or ‘science’).
Taxonomies are typically organized by generalization-specialization relationships, or less formally, parent-child relationships: the subtype has the same properties, behaviors, and constraints as the supertype plus one or more. For example: car is a subtype of vehicle, so any car is also a vehicle, but not every vehicle is a car.
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December 14, 2010
Vestas Wind Systems is a Danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines. It is the largest in the world, but due to very rapid growth of its competitors – GE (US), Sinovel (China), Enercom (Germany), and Gamesa (Spain) – its market share decreased from 28% in 2007 to 12.5% in 2009. Vestas has installed over 41,000 wind turbines in 63 countries on five continents. The company employs more than 22,000 people globally, and has built production facilities in more than 12 countries.
Vestas spent €92 million ($128 million), or 1.4% of revenue, on research and development in 2009. It has filed 787 wind turbine patents (165 in 2009) according to United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office (UK-IPO), while General Electric has 666 and Siemens Wind Power has 242. In October 2009, Vestas and QinetiQ claimed a successful test of a stealth wind turbine blade mitigating radar reflection problems for aviation.
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December 14, 2010
The term life hack refers to productivity tricks that programmers devise and employ to cut through information overload and organize their data. The original definition of the term referred to utilities that filtered and processed data streams like email and RSS feeds. Examples of these types of life hacks might include utilities to synchronize files, track tasks, remind yourself of events or filter email. As the meme spread, the definition of the term expanded. Today, anything that solves an everyday problem in a clever or non-obvious way might be called a life hack. The term became popularized in the blogosphere and is primarily used by geeks who suffer from information overload or those with a playful curiosity in the ways they can accelerate their workflow.
The terms hack, hacking, and hacker have a long history of ambiguity in the computing and geek communities, particularly within the free and open source software crowds. However, in the context used here a ‘hack’ is a clever trick or stratagem. British technology journalist Danny O’Brien coined the term after polling a group of productive geeks on the details of their work processes. O’Brien discovered a pattern among these super-productive programmers: that they devised and used ’embarrassing’ scripts and shortcuts to get their work done.
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December 14, 2010
Getting Things Done (GTD) is an organizational method created by David Allen, described in a book of the same name. The Getting Things Done method rests on the principle that a person needs to move tasks out of the mind by recording them externally. That way, the mind is freed from the job of remembering everything that needs to be done, and can concentrate on actually performing those tasks.
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December 14, 2010
Parasite single is a Japanese term for a single person who lives with their parents until their late twenties or early thirties in order to enjoy a carefree and comfortable life. In English, the expression ‘sponge’ or ‘basement dweller’ may sometimes be used. The expression is mainly used in reference to Japanese society, but similar phenomena can also be found in other countries worldwide.
In Italy, 30-something singles still relying on their mothers are derided as ‘bamboccioni’ (literally, big babies) and in Germany they are known as Nesthocker (German for nestling), who are still living at ‘Hotel Mama.’ In the U.K. they are referred to by the acronym NEET (not in employment, education, or training). The expression was first used by Professor Masahiro Yamada of Tokyo Gakugei University in 1999. The catchy phrase quickly found its way into the media and is now a well-known expression in Japan.
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December 14, 2010
Emerging adulthood is a phase of the life span between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood, proposed by Clark University professor, Jeffrey Arnett in a 2000 article in the American Psychologist. It primarily applies to young adults in developed countries who do not have children or begin a lifelong career in their early 20s. That emerging adulthood is a new demographic is contentious, as some believe that twenty-somethings have always struggled with ‘identity exploration, instability, self-focus, and feeling in-between.
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December 14, 2010
The Pomodoro Technique is a time management method developed in the late 1980s. The technique uses a timer to break down periods of work into 25-minute intervals called ‘pomodoros’ separated by breaks. The method is based on the idea that frequent breaks can improve mental agility, and seeks to provide an effective response to time as an anxiety-provoking state.
There are five basic steps to implementing the technique: 1) Decide on the task to be done; 2) Set the (timer) to 25 minutes; 3) Work on the task until the timer rings; record with an x; 4) Take a short break (5 minutes); and 5) Every four “pomodoros” take a longer break (15–20 minutes). The Pomodoro Technique is named after the tomato-shaped kitchen timer that was first used by technique creator Francesco Cirillo when he was a university student (Pomodoro is Italian for tomato).
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December 14, 2010
The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes. It is also referred to as the executive function, supervisory attentional system, or cognitive control. The concept is used by psychologists and neuroscientists to describe a loosely defined collection of brain processes that are responsible for planning, cognitive flexibility, abstract thinking, rule acquisition, initiating appropriate actions and inhibiting inappropriate actions, and selecting relevant sensory information.
The executive functions are often invoked when it is necessary to override responses that might otherwise be automatically elicited by stimuli in the external environment. For example, on being presented with a potentially rewarding stimulus, such as a tasty piece of chocolate cake, a person might have the automatic response to take a bite. However, where such behavior conflicts with internal plans (such as having decided not to eat chocolate cake while on a diet), the executive functions might be engaged to inhibit that response.
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December 14, 2010
Simo Häyhä (1905 – 2002), nicknamed ‘White Death‘ by the Soviet Red Army, was a Finnish sniper. Using a modified Mosin-Nagant rifle in the Winter War of 1939 he tallied 505 confirmed kills, the most in any major war. Häyhä, born near the present-day border of Finland and Russia, was a farmer before entering combat. He joined the Finnish militia at 17, and his farmhouse was reportedly full of trophies for marksmanship.
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